


We’re pleased to introduce Helios, a technological marvel redefining the possible.Â
Building on its predecessor H2, which has already breached quantum advantage, Helios nearly doubles the qubit count and surpasses H2’s industry-leading fidelity, pushing further into the quantum advantage regime than any system before it. With unprecedented capability across its full stack, Helios is the most powerful quantum computer in the world.Â
“Helios is a true marvel—a seamless fusion of hardware and software, creating a platform for discovery unlike any other.â€�- Dr. Rajeeb Hazra, CEOÂ
Helios’ groundbreaking design and advanced software stack bring quantum programming closer than ever to the ease and flexibility of classical computing—positioning Helios to accelerate commercial adoption. Even before its public debut, Helios had already demonstrated its capabilities as the world’s first enterprise-grade quantum computer. During a two-month early access program, select partners including SoftBank Corp. and JPMorgan Chase conducted commercially relevant research. We also leveraged Helios to perform large-scale simulations in high-temperature superconductivity and quantum magnetism—both with clear pathways to real-world industry applications.
Helios is now available to all customers through our cloud service and on-premise offering, including an option to integrate with NVIDIA GB200 for applications targeting specific end markets.    Â
“You would need to harvest every star in the universe to power a classical machine that could do the same calculations we did with Helios."
- Dr. Anthony Ransford, Helios Lead Architect

As we detailed in a , Helios sets a new standard for quantum computing performance with the highest fidelity ever released to the market. It features 98 fully connected physical qubits with single-qubit gate fidelity of 99.9975% and two-qubit gate fidelity of 99.921% across all qubit pairs—making it the most accurate commercial quantum computer in the world. Â
Our fidelity shines in system-level benchmarks, such as Random Circuit Sampling (RCS), famously used by Google to demonstrate quantum supremacy when it performed an RCS task that would take a classical computer “10 septillion years� to replicate. Now, RCS serves as both a benchmark and the minimum standard for serious competitors in the market. Frequently missed in this conversation, however, is the importance of fidelity, or accuracy. That's why, when benchmarking Helios using RCS, we report the fidelity achieved by Helios on circuits of varying complexity (with complexity quantified by power requirements for classical simulation).
Our results show a classical supercomputer would require more power than the Sun—or, in fact, the combined power of all stars in the visible universe—to complete the same task in the same amount of time. In contrast, Helios achieved it using roughly the power of a single data center rack.Â
Like its predecessors, H1 and H2, Helios is designed to improve fidelity and overall system performance over time while sustaining competitive leadership through the launch of its successor.

"When I first saw the rotatable ion storage ring with a junction and gating legs sketched on a napkin, I loved the idea for its simplicity and efficiency. Seeing it finally realized after all of the team’s hard work has been truly incredible."Â
- Dr. John Gaebler, Fellow and Chief Scientist, ³Ô¹ÏºÚÁÏÍø
The Helios ion trap uses tiny currents to generate electromagnetic fields that hold single atomic ions (qubits) hovering above the trap for computation. We introduced a first-of-its-kind “junctionâ€�, which acts like a traffic intersection for qubits, enabling efficient routing and improved reliability. This is not only the first commercial implementation of this engineering triumph but it also allows our QCCD (Quantum Charged Coupled Device) architecture to scale, with future systems featuring hundreds of junctions arranged like a city street grid.  Â
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Whereas predecessor systems routed qubits using “physical swaps,â€� requiring sequential sorting, cooling, and gating that prevented parallel operations, the Helios QPU instead resembles a classical architecture with dedicated memory, cache, and computational zones. Like a spinning hard drive, the Helios QPU rotates qubits through ring storage (memory), passes them through the junction into the cache, moves them to logic zones for gating, and moves them to the leg storage while the next batch is processed. Sorting can now be done in parallel with cooling operations, resulting in a processor that is faster and less error prone. This parallelism will become a hallmark of ³Ô¹ÏºÚÁÏ꿉۪s future generations, enabling faster operating speeds.
³Ô¹ÏºÚÁÏ꿉۪s QCCD provides full all-to-all connectivity, giving the Helios QPU significant advantages over “fixed qubitâ€� architectures, such as those used in superconducting systems. Its ability to physically move qubits around and entangle any qubit with any other qubit enables algorithms and error-correcting codes that are functionally impossible for fixed qubit architectures.Â

We made another “tiny� but significant change: we switched our qubits from ytterbium to barium. Whereas ytterbium largely relied on ultraviolet lasers that are expensive and hard on other components, barium can be manipulated with lasers in the visible part of the spectrum, where mature industrial technology exists, providing a more affordable, reliable and scalable commercial solution.
Barium also naturally allows the quantum computer to detect and remove a certain type of error, known as , at the atomic level. By addressing this error directly, programmers can enhance the performance of their computation.
As announced earlier this year, Helios launched with a completely new stack equipped with a new software environment that makes quantum programming feel as intuitive as classical development.Â
Our new stack also features a real-time engine that massively improves our capability. With a , we are evolving from static, pre-planned circuits to dynamic quantum programs that respond to results on the fly. We can now, for the first time on a quantum computer, interleave GPU-accelerated classical and quantum computations in a single program.Â
Our real-time engine also means we have dynamic transport – routing qubits as the moment demands reduces time to solution and diminishes the impact of memory errors. Â
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Programmers can now use our new quantum programming language, Guppy, to write dynamic circuits that were previously impossible. By combining Guppy with our real-time engine, developers can leverage arbitrary control flow driven by quantum measurements, as well as full classical computation—including loops, higher-order functions, early exits, and dynamic qubit allocation. Far from being mere conveniences, these capabilities are essential stepping stones toward achieving fault-tolerant quantum computing at scale—putting us decisively ahead of the competition.
Fully compatible with industry standards like QIR and tools such as NVIDIA CUDA-Q, Helios bridges classical and quantum computing more seamlessly than ever, making hybrid quantum-classical development simple, natural, and accessible, and establishing Helios as the most programmable, general-purpose quantum computer ever built. Â
While everyone else is promising fault-tolerance, we’re delivering it. We are the only company to demonstrate a fully universal fault-tolerant gate set, we’ve demonstrated more codes than anyone else, and .
Now, with 98 physical qubits, we’ve been able to make 94 logical qubits, fully entangled in one of the largest GHZ states ever recorded. We did this with better than break-even fidelity, meaning they outperform physical qubits running the same algorithm. Built on our Iceberg code, published last year in , these logical qubits achieve the industry’s highest encoding efficiency, needing only two ancilla qubits per code block, or roughly a 1:1 physical-to-logical qubit ratio.
With 50 error-detected logical qubits, Helios achieved better than break-even performance, running the largest encoded simulation of quantum magnetism to date—an exceptional example of how users can leverage efficient encodings. This range and flexibility let users tailor the encoding rate to their application: fewer logical qubits deliver higher fidelity for less complex tasks, while larger sets enable more complex simulations.
Helios also produced 48 fully error-corrected logical qubits at a remarkable 2:1 encoding rate, a ratio thought impossible just a few years ago. This super high encoding rate stands in stark contrast to other from industry peers. For example, the demonstration linked in the previous sentence would need a whopping 4800 qubits to make 48 logical qubits. Our 2:1 encoding rate was achieved through a clever technique called code concatenation, a breakthrough that supports single-shot error correction, transversal logic, and full parallelization—all at 99.99% state preparation and measurement fidelity.Â
To extend this performance at scale, all future ³Ô¹ÏºÚÁÏÍø systems—starting with Helios—will integrate , treating decoding as a dynamic computational process rather than a static lookup. Errors can be corrected as computations run without slowing the logical clock rate. Combined with Guppy, NVIDIA CUDA-Q, and NVQLink, this infrastructure forms the foundation for fault-tolerant, real-time quantum computation, delivering immediate quantum advantage in the near term and a clear path to scalable error-corrected computing.Â
We remain the only company to perform a fully universal fault-tolerant gate set, with more error-correcting codes and than any other company.
Helios is ready to drive practical, commercial quantum applications across industries. Its unprecedented fidelity, scalability, and programmability give users the tools to tackle problems that were previously out of reach. This is just the beginning, and we look forward to seeing what users and companies will achieve with it.Â
³Ô¹ÏºÚÁÏÍø, the world’s largest integrated quantum company, pioneers powerful quantum computers and advanced software solutions. ³Ô¹ÏºÚÁÏ꿉۪s technology drives breakthroughs in materials discovery, cybersecurity, and next-gen quantum AI. With over 500 employees, including 370+ scientists and engineers, ³Ô¹ÏºÚÁÏÍø leads the quantum computing revolution across continents.Â
From Oracle's Quantum AI Compute beta program to upcoming Helios installation milestones and Oracle AI World, our partnership continues to gain momentum.
When ³Ô¹ÏºÚÁÏÍø and Oracle announced a strategic partnership earlier this year, the goal was not simply to deploy a quantum computer in the cloud. It was to create a practical path for bringing quantum computing into the enterprise environments where AI, data, and high-performance computing (HPC) already come together. Â
By combining Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI)'s AI, data, and cloud capabilities with Helios, ³Ô¹ÏºÚÁÏÍø's most advanced quantum computer, we're helping lay the foundation for hybrid quantum AI computing at enterprise scale. The partnership reflects our belief that some of the most valuable future applications will emerge when quantum computing, AI and classical HPC work together to tackle problems that remain difficult to solve today. Â
That vision is now being put into practice. This month, Oracle launched the , giving select organizations an opportunity to begin evaluating how quantum computing fits into existing workflows and computational challenges.
Through the program, approved participants will gain cloud-based access to Helios, the world's most accurate commercial quantum computer, alongside OCI's GPU and HPC infrastructure. For organizations exploring quantum computing, this creates a practical starting point: access to industry-leading hardware within an enterprise cloud environment, without the need to build specialized infrastructure of their own.
The goal is to help organizations understand where hybrid quantum AI workflows may create value across areas such as drug discovery, materials science, energy, financial modeling, and optimization.
For many organizations, the starting point is not quantum technology itself. It's a business or research problem. Where are today's approaches reaching meaningful limits? Which workloads consume disproportionate resources? And where could a new computational capability create an advantage?
Organizations interested in participating can apply through Oracle's OCI Preview Programs . Oracle will review applications and select participants based on eligibility, capacity and program requirements.
The opportunity for hybrid quantum-AI computing will be a major topic at . Â
In a main stage session, "," Larry Stack, Chief Commercial Officer at ³Ô¹ÏºÚÁÏÍø, will join Mahesh Thiagarajan, Executive Vice President and Head of Oracle Cloud Infrastructure, to discuss how quantum computing, AI and classical HPC can work together to address some of the world's most computationally demanding challenges.
The discussion will focus on a core question many organizations are asking: where should they start? Rather than leading with technology, the conversation will explore how organizations can identify high-value problems, establish today's performance baseline, and evaluate where quantum computing ultimately provides an advantage.
Later in the day, ³Ô¹ÏºÚÁÏÍø and Oracle experts will at how bringing Helios into OCI provides managed access to quantum computing natively within an enterprise cloud environment to support hybrid quantum-AI workflows.
The collaboration between ³Ô¹ÏºÚÁÏÍø and Oracle continues to progress from vision to execution.
With Helios advancing toward installation, Oracle's Quantum AI Compute program now open for early access, and enterprise interest growing around hybrid computing, the pieces are coming together. Organizations now have a practical way to begin exploring quantum computing through cloud-based access to Helios alongside AI, HPC, and existing enterprise workflows.
We look forward to continuing the conversation at Oracle AI World 2026 and working with customers who want to better understand where hybrid quantum-AI computing can create real-world value.
We're excited to continue that conversation at Oracle AI World 2026 and to help customers begin exploring what's possible through the OCI Quantum AI Compute Beta Program.
By: David Hayes, Sr. Director of Computational Design and Integrated Software
Two recent announcements from ³Ô¹ÏºÚÁÏÍø and Google mark important progress toward fault-tolerant quantum computing.
Because both announcements focus on reducing errors, it may be tempting to compare the numbers directly. But these results are not the same. They measure different parts of the fault-tolerance challenge and answer fundamentally different technical questions.
This week, we a world-record error-correction result, using our error-correction architecture on Helios to deliver a logical fidelity of 99.9995%, equivalent to just five errors per million operations and representing a 100x reduction in errors compared to the best published result across any other modality—reported by . Â
Last week, Google a 99.99% magic-state fidelity result using a new cultivation technique, citing a 40x reduction in errors.
As fault-tolerant quantum computing matures, understanding what is being measured becomes just as important as understanding the headline number itself. Google's work measured the fidelity of a resource used in certain fault-tolerant operations. Our work measured the fidelity of the logical computation that consumes those resources.
Across the published results, ³Ô¹ÏºÚÁÏÍø demonstrates state-of-the-art performance in fault-tolerance, combining record logical computational fidelity with substantial advantages in resource efficiency. Understanding starts with examining what each study measured, what it achieved, and the resources it required.
This week’s result measured how accurately an error-corrected logical quantum system can execute a computation.
To achieve the result, we used a well-known “color codeâ€� within our error-correction architecture. The error rate is 10 times lower than ³Ô¹ÏºÚÁÏ꿉۪s own world record achieved last month and 100 times lower than the best published result across all other hardware modalities—the 2024 Google result.
The study also demonstrated that logical errors fell exponentially as code distance increased. Code distance is a key measure of how quantum information can be protected as an error-correction system scales.
Each increase tested in the study reduced the remaining logical error rate by a record factor of 12, demonstrating exponentially effective error suppression as the code grows, a critical capability for scalable fault-tolerant quantum computing.
Together, these results demonstrate how ³Ô¹ÏºÚÁÏÍø's highly accurate trapped-ion hardware and flexible logical architecture can drive rapid gains in computational accuracy. They also show that fault-tolerant performance can be achieved with substantially fewer physical qubits than competing modalities.
The result places ³Ô¹ÏºÚÁÏÍø within the target logical-performance range required for Apollo, our planned universal fault-tolerant quantum computer targeted for 2029.
Google's latest paper focused on a different aspect of fault tolerance: the preparation of high-fidelity magic states.
Magic states are an important resource required for certain operations in a fault-tolerant quantum computer. Generating them efficiently is widely recognized as one of the key engineering challenges facing large-scale fault-tolerant systems, particularly for certain modalities.
Google's work introduced a new approach known as cultivation, designed to improve the fidelity of magic-state preparation while reducing the resources required to produce those states. The study demonstrated a magic-state fidelity of 99.99% using a protocol that retained approximately 8% of attempts while discarding the remainder. This post-selection process was a key contributor to the reported 40x reduction in error rate.
The study did not measure the fidelity of a larger logical computation that incorporates those magic states into an end-to-end algorithm. Instead, it focused specifically on the creation and refinement of the resource itself.
That distinction is important because preparing a high-fidelity resource and demonstrating the performance of a logical computation are different milestones on the path to fault tolerance.
³Ô¹ÏºÚÁÏÍø's latest logical computation result should not be compared directly with Google's latest magic-state result. It should be compared against the distance scaling result published by Google in 2024.
That said, we have published studies measuring an analogous magic-state capability examined in Google’s latest work.
, we achieved 99.993% magic-state fidelity with an 85% retention rate, compared with the 99.99% fidelity and approximately 8% retention reported in Google’s latest work. Our result also required fewer physical qubits and fewer operational steps, resulting in significantly lower space-time overhead.
That combination of smaller qubit and operational steps footprint, along with substantially higher retention means fewer resources are consumed preparing each usable magic state.
As fault-tolerant systems scale, those efficiency advantages become increasingly important because they directly affect the amount of hardware required to perform useful computations.
Taken together, these results establish ³Ô¹ÏºÚÁÏ꿉۪s leadership in demonstrated fault-tolerant performance: record logical computation fidelity, alongside a directly comparable magic-state result that achieves higher fidelity with substantially lower resource overhead.
That combination—computational accuracy and the efficiency with which it is achieved—is critical to delivering reliable answers to useful problems at a practical scale.
Ultimately, customers do not buy two-qubit gate fidelities or magic states. They buy answers.
This blog post contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These include statements about our technology roadmap, our expected logical performance, and the planned timing and capabilities of future systems, including Apollo. Words such as "target," "expect," "plan," and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. These statements are based on our current expectations and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially. Those risks include challenges in developing, manufacturing, and scaling our quantum computing systems. For a discussion of these and other risks, see the "Risk Factors" section of our most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our other filings with the SEC, available at ir.quantinuum.com. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this post, and we undertake no obligation to update them except as required by law.
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Recently, we started making the case that the NISQ1 era is coming to an end. At ³Ô¹ÏºÚÁÏÍø, we’ve already demonstrated , , steadily declining logical error rates, and .
To truly leave the NISQ era, though, we need to demonstrate a “megaquopâ€� machine – a quantum computer that can run over a million operations error-free. With our latest result, we are on the cusp of this monumental achievement: using ³Ô¹ÏºÚÁÏ꿉۪s logical error-correction architecture, Helios achieved a logical memory fidelity of 99.9995%— or a million operations with only 5 uncorrectable errors, a new world record. This logical error rate is ten times lower than our September record and more than 100 times lower than the record achieved on a superconducting system.
Coming after September’s Helix-code demonstration on the same Helios hardware, this result shows how our flexible logical architecture and highly accurate trapped-ion technology support rapid improvements in accuracy.
These results indicate that an Apollo-scale machine could reach the fault-tolerant quantum advantage regime using 30x fewer physical qubits than other leading approaches, reinforcing our path to Apollo, our first universal fault-tolerant quantum computer.
At ³Ô¹ÏºÚÁÏÍø, we don’t have delicate qubits that can only hold their state for milliseconds at a time. . However, this latest result takes it to a whole new level: we have demonstrated the most robust quantum memory ever recorded.
This latest result was enabled by something scientists call “distance scaling�, a key result in quantum error correction (QEC) theory: the prediction that error rates should be suppressed exponentially as longer distance codes (more physical qubits per logical qubit) are used.

In experiments using color codes of distance 3, 5 and 7, Helios (with code written in Guppy) reduced the logical failure rate by an average factor of 12 each time the code distance increased. At distance 7, the system achieved a logical fidelity of 99.9995% per syndrome-extraction cycle, equivalent to a failure probability of just 5 × 10��. This nearly “six nines� result sets a new record for logical accuracy through quantum error correction.

To measure the failure rate of something that rarely fails, you must run it for a long time. This ensures that you get reasonable enough statistics to feel comfortable that your measured value isn’t just a statistical fluctuation (scientists call this 'averaging down’ the uncertainty in your measurement).
When you only get an error 5 times in a million rounds, this often means ‘averaging down’ for a long time to even see an error2.
“We felt a mix of excitement and suspense every time the results came in. When errors are this rare, each one really matters."
- Dr. Adam Reed, Lead Physicist, Commercial Operations
The team also explored logical computation, measuring 2-qubit Clifford gate fidelity at increasing code distance. In this case, the team measured a suppression factor Λ of 9 when stepping the code distance up from 3 to 5, proving again our hardware’s exponential error suppression3.

If one assumes a “Clifford + T� model of universal computation (with T gates teleported via magic state injection), then a fully fault tolerant processor built with this code will have three crucial components:
This work demonstrates high accuracy implementation and below threshold scaling of the latter two, and we demonstrated the first in a separate paper () back in 2025.  Teleporting T gates via magic state injection will require real-time decoding, which we and have been refining ever since – in fact, this work shows that this is viable for near-optimal decoders. There is still work to be done, however: nobody has yet demonstrated below threshold scaling for magic state preparation.
We’ve already put almost everything together in the Helix code. Soon, we will be integrating all these color-code components into increasingly large, reliable computations. Our ability to fully employ multiple codes is a testament to our powerful error correction architecture.
Distance scaling is great in theory, but it because it only works when the underlying hardware noise falls below a certain threshold. This is known as the “threshold theorem.� Basically, until the physical layer has low enough noise levels, QEC will just add more noise than it takes away.
Helios’ incredible performance – with a ‘suppression rate’ Λ of 12 (for memory) and 9 (for Clifford gates) - is a clear demonstration of our world-leading physical fidelity, which puts us well below the ‘threshold’.
The rate Λ captures the exponential suppression in error rate with increasing code distance4: increasing the code distance once gives an 12x reduction in logical error, increasing the distance twice gives 144x, three times 1728x, and so on. In contrast, a machine with a Λ of 2 gives you a 2x reduction, then a 4x reduction, then 8x, and so on – a much slower gain. The magnitude of Λ is crucial for how well quantum computers can scale, and this is the largest Λ ever measured.
This effect shows up in the best error rates, too. . Helios, in contrast, showed an error rate of 0.0005% with a distance 7 code, a 1,638x improvement5. This massive improvement is due to our excellent physical fidelity, improved scaling behavior, and our ability to go to a longer distance code (in this case, d=7 vs d=5)6.
, the previous best demonstrated error rate was using a surface code. In this case, the researchers demonstrated an error rate of 0.0772% per cycle with a distance 7 code. In this case, Helios shows a 154x improvement7.
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Figure 4. Animation of logical qubit growth with increasing code distance. The white circles represent physical qubits, and the animation shows how logical qubits are formed at color code distances of 3, 5, and 7.
On top of our new record in fidelity, the scaling with code distance reveals something very important: our QCCD8 approach is expected to reach utility scale with far less resources than other modalities.
This all comes down to the value of Λ, which describes how quickly error rates decrease with increasing code distance. The most comparable result, , had a Λ of 1.56, while Helios demonstrated a Λ of 12. This means that we can hit a ‘utility scale’ error rate, say 10-12, with shorter distance codes - which translates to far less physical qubits.

Mathematically, this is a straightforward calculation: you take a known error rate at a given distance (call this LERd), then you compute LERd×Âì(x-d)/2, then find whatever code distance is needed to get to your desired error rate. Â
The plot above compares state-of-the-art color code implementations on Helios and a superconducting architecture. For an error rate of 10-12, indicated with a horizontal black line, the superconducting system would need a code distance of 109 to achieve the target error rate, while our computers would only need a code distance of 219.
Translating this into a physical qubit requirement to generate 100 logical qubits, the superconducting processor would need ~900,000 physical qubits while our QCCD processors would only need ~30,000, a ~30x resource savings. This also brings in timelines: building a 30,000-qubit processor is much more likely in the near term than a 900,000-qubit processor.
In our recent blog about the Helix QEC architecture, we pointed out how our targeted physical fidelities will keep advancing our logical fidelities. That holds here as well: with the physical fidelity improvements targeted for Sol and Apollo, we will see an improved LERd and Λ, meaning that we can achieve target error rates at even shorter distance codes than above. This brings in timelines further: even fewer physical qubits will be needed.
Finally, we have access to codes that cost less qubits in the first place. These ‘high encoding rate’ codes require connectivity beyond what is available in fixed qubit superconducting systems. With our reconfigurable qubits, we can implement exotic entangling schemes that allow for a single physical qubit to be shared amongst several logical qubits, further improving resource estimates and bringing in the timelines to large scale utility.
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Our Sol system, coming next year, will continue to reduce these costs by moving us to a grid-shaped trap, shortening transport and cooling times, while enabling full connectivity at a larger scale.
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Figure 6. A qubit moves through a prototype grid trap, demonstrating the precise control and dynamic qubit transport that enable all-to-all connectivity in our QCCD architecture. This is footage from an operating device, not an artist’s rendering.
An important takeaway is that a lot of resource estimates that claim we will need X qubits or Y gates to do some algorithm are outdated; as they rely on assumptions about distance scaling and QEC codes that are not relevant to our QCCD architecture. With our high fidelity and full connectivity, we will be able to achieve target applications sooner than expected (compared to many external estimates), needing fewer qubits and fewer gates overall.

Figure 7. Qubits are rearranged within a prototype grid trap using broadcast control signals, demonstrating our solution to quantum computing’s “wiring problem.� This approach dramatically reduces the number of control signals—or “wires�—needed to route qubits, overcoming a critical barrier to scaling into the megaquop regime. . The video shows real qubits in motion—it is not an artist’s rendering.
This result reflects more than the performance of an exceptional QPU. It is the product of a cross-functional, full-stack team working in close coordination, using Helios as a pathfinder for our next generation systems.
For example, one challenge every leading quantum computing platform faces is leakage: an unwanted process that takes the system out of the two qubit states used for computation. Leakage is especially damaging for QEC codes, which are built to fix errors within those two states and are not equipped to handle a qubit that has left them. Moreover, all subsequent operations on a leaked qubit quietly fail — a single leak can lead to a cascade of correlated errors which could result in a logical failure.
On Helios, the team built a mid-circuit fix: ‘leakage repump’, which returns leaked qubits back into the computational states as ordinary, correctable errors — improving our logical error rate by over an order of magnitude and enabling our distance-scaling demonstration.
Another example is ultra-efficient decoding. Syndrome data must be interpreted quickly enough to correct errors before the quantum information degrades. The team evaluated several approaches, including machine-learning decoders developed by ³Ô¹ÏºÚÁÏ꿉۪s AI team, ultimately demonstrating accurate decoding with sub-millisecond latency, which is 10-100x faster than needed to get corrections.
Both of these point to Helios operating in pathfinder mode: helping us understand how to extract the best performance from this generation of hardware, while translating those lessons into the next. That knowledge cannot come from simulation alone – we need to build and test real hardware to continue advancing. As Lead Physicist Dr. Adam Reed put it,  "When we push Helios to its limits, we often learn something the simulations didn't tell us."
By bringing together our theory, facilities, AI, and hardware teams, we pushed our trapped-ion hardware into a new performance regime—showing how our flexible logical architecture, tailored decoders, and highly accurate trapped-ion hardware work together to advance our path to Apollo in 2029.

1 Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum
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2 In practice, we ran for 580,000 shots (29k shots, each one having 20 rounds, and observed 3 failures), which gave us just enough statistical confidence to claim the ultimate error rate.
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3 As you can see in Figure 3, the suppression factor has error bars of +8 and -4, meaning it could be much better or closer to the 12x we measured in the other experiment.
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4 With the color code, only odd code distances are available.
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5 (with a maximum distance of 5) showed an error rate of 1.1% per cycle, in which case Helios shows a 2,200x improvement.
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6 If you want to compare these demonstrations at the same distance, Helios showed an error rate of 0.004% with a distance 5 code, which is a 204x improvement.
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7 (with a maximum distance of 7) showed an error rate of 0.143% per cycle, in which case Helios shows a 286x improvement.
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8 Quantum Charge Coupled Device
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9 It might look like we need a shorter distance code, but recall that only odd code distances are available with the color code. To hit the teraquop regime, we need slightly more than a code distance of 19. The next highest distance is 21.